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์ž‘์„ฑ์ž ์‚ฌ์ง„James Teacher

Jool Study Guides - Guns, Germs, and Steel - Chapter 13 - Part 1

The Bigย Ideas - Necessityโ€™s Motherย Chapter 13 (Part 1 - the first 50% of the chapter)




Considerably richerโ€ฆbrainer than YOU!!!

Why did most monumental inventions in history emerge from European nations and not in Australia or Sub-Saharan Africa ๐ŸŒ? Is it because the marvellous Europeans in their pantaloons were just a bit cleverererer (tricky that one)? ๐Ÿค” A European might tell you itโ€™s simply because theyโ€™re a massive bunch of smarty-pants with innate genius ๐Ÿง . Is there another explanation? I hope so because I really donโ€™t want to accept the idea that some people are naturally more sagacious than others ๐Ÿคทโ€โ™‚๏ธ. Thankfully, Diamond, our faithful friend, is here to explain ๐Ÿ“šโœจ.


Invention leads to invention



Say you invent an automatic tooth extraction device for dogs ๐Ÿถ. The device strokes the dog, coos softly to lull it into a peaceful and tranquil state ๐ŸŽถ, and then gently pulls the decayed and dangerous tooth out ๐Ÿ˜ท. Naturally, being the wily business-savvy people you are, you immediately think about developing a human version ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ”ฌ. All you need to do is cross out โ€˜dogโ€™ and write โ€˜humanโ€™ instead ๐Ÿ”„. Humans love to be petted and cooed to, so all is in order ๐Ÿ˜Œ. Thomas Edisonโ€™s phonograph machine, first built in 1877 to record, rather soberly, the dying words of people about to pop their clogs, and other very serious, ever so serious functions, became a jukebox for people to play music ๐ŸŽต. Edison wasnโ€™t thrilled because he was a bit of a bore ๐Ÿ™„, but it teaches us a fine lesson. One invention can be adapted into another and another. It starts a chain of events โ›“๏ธ.


Copycats



Take James Watt, the genius inventor of the steam engine ๐Ÿš‚. It was used at first to pump out water from mines, but then went on to power ships ๐Ÿšข, trains ๐Ÿš†, and the latest version of our Dog Human Tooth Extraction Device (available at www.DogorHumanToothExtractionDevice.com)ย ๐Ÿถ๐Ÿฆท. Except, Watt was inspired by watching a steam engine invented 57 years earlier by Thomas Newicome! What a cheater! ๐Ÿ˜ฒ Should we dismiss people like Edison and Watt as flagrant copycats and wipe them from the annals of history? Not really - itโ€™s a bit too far ๐Ÿค”. Should we recognise, according to Diamond, the relationship between invention and next invention? Abso-steamy-lutely ๐ŸŒŸ. Human nature dictates that we observe things around us and develop it ๐Ÿง ๐Ÿ’ก.


Tinker, tailor, spy, llama



The ancient world was no different, really ๐Ÿ˜Œ. Humans love to tinker ๐Ÿ”ง. Have you ever seen your Dad inventing a solution to a problem that doesnโ€™t really matter, but heโ€™s insanely bored so ploughs ahead? I have ๐Ÿ™‹โ€โ™‚๏ธ. My Dad couldnโ€™t stop tinkering with things that didnโ€™t need to be fixed or invented ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ. Now, I do the same. Tinkering led to glass windows from the random discovery of melted limestone and sand ๐Ÿบ. The ancient Greeks tinkered and messed around with petroleum, pitch, and other lovely chemicals like quicklime (donโ€™t get THAT in your eyes - baby shampoo it is NOT! ๐Ÿ˜‚) and invented incendiary devices ๐Ÿ”ฅ. Were a few people blown up completely? Sure! ๐Ÿ’ฅ But tinkering changed the world ๐ŸŒ. The Islamic Empire invented grenades ๐Ÿ’ฃ. The Chinese cooked up gunpowder ๐Ÿ’จ. The world tinkered their way to guns ๐Ÿ”ซ.

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